Burfield, Brian: Medieval Military Medicine

Drawing on a wide range of contemporary sourcesincluding numerous eyewitness accountsthe work first examines the medical landscape of the era and its close connection to warfare. It highlights the many discoveries and rediscoveries that emerged in response to constant improvements and innovations in weaponry. Arguably the most significant technological advancement in European warfare during this period was the introduction and evolution of firearms; these enabled armies to inflict far more severe damage on their adversaries while simultaneously driving the development of new treatment methods. Further chapters address bone fractures, as well as the disfigurements and disabilities suffered by the warriors of the age. In the mid-14th century, Europe was struck by the bubonic plagueone of the most devastating catastrophes in human historywhich flared up repeatedly in deadly waves over the ensuing years. It left a distinct mark on European armies, as did the outbreak of a virulent strain of syphilis toward the end of the 15th century; both phenomena are examined in detail here. The final chapter addresses the psychological consequences of war, considering its impact on both soldiers and the general civilian population of Europe over the course of these two and a half centuries.