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Description
When the Allied armies broke out from the Normandy bridgehead in late July 1944, it became of paramount importance that they quickly capture new harbours to sustain the rapid northward advance. All the Allies supplies and reinforcements were still coming in through just two places - the Mulberry artificial harbour at Arromanches and the port of Cherbourg captured by the Americans - and with supply lines lengthening by the day, it was essential to speedily open up ports nearer to the armies. For Field-Marshal Montgomerys 21st Army Group this meant first of all the channel ports of Le Havre and Boulogne. Both cities had been declared a "Festung" (Fortress) by Hitler and were to be defended to the last man.
The attack on Le Havre (Operation "Astonia") was launched on September 10 and was a classic example of a successful set-piece battle. After the German defences had been "softened up" by colossal aerial and naval bombardment and artillery shelling, a "siege-train" of specialised armour broke through the outer crust of the German defensive perimeter and allowed two British infantry divisions - the 49th (West Riding) Division and the 51st (Highland) Division - to push through the gap and methodically reduce the enemy strongholds before driving into the heart of the city. The attack on Boulogne (Operation "Wellhit") began a week later and was the task of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. Another set-piece assault, it was again preceded by a devastating bombardment by RAF heavy bombers, which reduced large parts of the city to ruins, and a massive artillery barrage. Supported by specialised armour, two Canadian brigades then moved forward but the Germans resisted stubbornly and it took six days of heavy fighting before the Canadians had subdued all strongpoints and finally forced the garrison to surrender.
The attack on Le Havre (Operation "Astonia") was launched on September 10 and was a classic example of a successful set-piece battle. After the German defences had been "softened up" by colossal aerial and naval bombardment and artillery shelling, a "siege-train" of specialised armour broke through the outer crust of the German defensive perimeter and allowed two British infantry divisions - the 49th (West Riding) Division and the 51st (Highland) Division - to push through the gap and methodically reduce the enemy strongholds before driving into the heart of the city. The attack on Boulogne (Operation "Wellhit") began a week later and was the task of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. Another set-piece assault, it was again preceded by a devastating bombardment by RAF heavy bombers, which reduced large parts of the city to ruins, and a massive artillery barrage. Supported by specialised armour, two Canadian brigades then moved forward but the Germans resisted stubbornly and it took six days of heavy fighting before the Canadians had subdued all strongpoints and finally forced the garrison to surrender.
- Group
- Books (first-hand)
- Author
- Taylor, David
- Title
- Battles for the Channel Ports. Le Havre and Boulogne. Then and Now
- Details
- English text, 159 bw-photos. 224 pages.
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