Berliner Zinnfiguren/Books & Media/Books/1789-1815/General products

Kinross, Stuart: Europe's Fate was at Stake 42,95 €

Thu, 16 Jul 2026 07:30:08 +0200

Volume 163 of the "From Reason to Revolution 17211815" series is the first comprehensive English-language study of the Prussian Field Marshal Count August Neidhardt von Gneisenau (17601831). Drawing on primary sources from archives and personal correspondence, as well as incorporating earlier German studiesincluding the seminal biographies by Georg Heinrich Pertz and Hans Delbrückthis work makes Gneisenaus contributions to the development of the Prussian army accessible to an English-speaking audience. It examines this evolution against the backdrop of his career as a practical soldier and military thinker, spanning the era from the army of Frederick the Great to the Waterloo campaign. The book guides the reader through the defeat by Napoleon in 1806 and the subsequent resistance, the reform of the Prussian army under French occupation up to 1812, and the Wars of Liberation (18131815), during which Gneisenau served as Chief of Staff alongside Prince Gebhard von Blücher. By breaking with the stereotypical portrayal of Gneisenau found in pre-1914 German literaturewhich depicted him as a dogmatist obsessed with decisive battles and the annihilation of the enemythe work reveals the pragmatic approach he adopted in the planning and conduct of strategy and operations.

Demory, Jean-Claude: Austerlitz 34,95 €

Thu, 09 Jul 2026 07:55:09 +0200

Am 2. Dezember 1804 zum Kaiser der Franzosen gekrönt, wurde Napoleon am 26. Mai des folgenden Jahres auch König von Italien. Diese neue Herrschaft entfachte bei den europäischen Mächten erneut die Sehnsucht, Frankreich in seinen Grenzen von 1789 zurückzuversetzen. Der kurzlebige Frieden von Amiens zwischen Paris und London war beendet. Die Kampfhandlungen flammten wieder auf, und Napoleon, der einen früheren Plan für eine Landung in England wieder aufgriff, konzentrierte eine 100.000 Mann starke Armee und eine Flottille von 2.000 leichten Schiffen an der Nordküste. Um das Geschwader der Royal Navy von der Straße von Dover wegzulocken, entwarf er eine umfangreiche und komplexe Marineoperation, deren Ausführung er Admiral Villeneuve anvertraute. Doch diese französische Flotte, deren vereinigte französisch-spanische Flotte von mittelmäßiger Qualität war, irrte ziellos im Atlantik umher, erreichte den Ärmelkanal nicht, um die Operation zu schützen, und ließ sich von Admiral Nelsons Geschwader in Cádiz einkesseln. Unterdessen hatte sich zwischen England, Russland und Österreich, dessen Truppen in Bayern einmarschiert waren, eine neue Koalition gegen Frankreich gebildet die dritte seit 1792. Von hinten bedroht und ohne Hoffnung auf Villeneuves Ankunft, gab Napoleon seinen Invasionsplan auf und befahl seine Armee, die er Grande Armée taufte, von West nach Ost zu marschieren. Es folgte ein Blitzfeldzug, der am 20. Oktober zur Kapitulation Ulms, am 13. November zum Einzug in Wien und schließlich am 2. Dezember, dem Jahrestag der Krönung, bei Austerlitz in Mähren mit der vernichtenden Niederlage der russischen und österreichischen Armeen vor den Augen ihres Kaisers, Zar Alexander und Kaiser Franz, führte. Austerlitz. Ein überwältigender Sieg, ein taktisches Meisterwerk, dessen legendärer Ruhm noch nicht durch die Seeschlacht von Trafalgar getrübt wurde. Denn Villeneuves Flotte am 21. Oktober, einen Tag nach dem Sieg bei Ulm, endlich Cádiz verlassen hatte, wurde sie von Nelsons Flotte vernichtend geschlagen. Ein totales Desaster, das, indem es Englands Seeherrschaft endgültig sicherte, zukünftige Feldzüge sinnlos machte und Waterloo um zehn Jahre vorwegnahm.

Robinson, William: Wellington on Napoleon 32,95 €

Wed, 15 Jul 2026 07:30:09 +0200

The Duke of Wellington harbored a strong aversion to writing a history of his campaigns or battles; famously, he likened such an undertaking to the "history of a ball" and quashed various attempts to publish such works. Yet, in 1825, the Duke was prepared to set aside these views. Despite a packed schedule, bouts of illness, and an immense volume of correspondence, he began researching Napoleons Russian campaign of 1812. He acquired books on the campaign as soon as they were published and studied them closely. Based on this research, he drafted a memorandum on the campaign. The resulting work ran to more than 25,000 words and set out his true opinion of Napoleon. From start to finish, it was a ruthless, scathing attack on Napoleon and his abilities; Wellington questioned every decision, using them to portray Napoleon as incompetent and unimaginative. He wrote at length about the battles of Smolensk and Borodino, leaving no doubt that he held Napoleon solely to blame. Far from regarding him as a man worth forty thousand soldiers, he criticized every decision Napoleon made and contrasted them with his own alternatives. As he wrote, Wellington likely derived a certain satisfaction from criticizing his old adversary. He decided against publication, allowing the document to circulate only among a small circle of friends; consequently, this work is far less well-known than the views he expressed elsewhere. Wellington had no interest in becoming embroiled in a public debate regarding Napoleons abilities and legacy; he was content to praise Napoleon publicly while keeping his true opinion to himself for his own private satisfaction. This book aims to make these views available to the public after all and to examine how Wellington arrived at his conclusionsranging from praise for Napoleon to his harsh condemnation.

Glover, G. (Hrsg.): The Napoleonic Archive. Volume 21: Walcheren, Cadiz, Stralsund and Bergen-op-Zoom 34,95 €

Wed, 08 Jul 2026 07:50:09 +0200

This book is divided into eight sections: Walcheren 1809: Lt. John Ford (79th Foot); Cádiz 1810: Capt. Archibald Maclaine (94th Foot), Andrew Mueller (1st Foot Guards); Stralsund and the Netherlands 18131815: Andrew Mueller, Ensign William Thain (33rd Foot), Sgt. John Gray (33rd Regt.); Bergen-op-Zoom 1814: The storming of the fortress on 8 March, Major Edward Parkinson (33rd Foot).

Summerfield, Stephen: The Illustrated Campaigns of the French Revolution 1789-1801 59,95 €

Tue, 21 Jul 2026 07:40:04 +0200

This magnificent, color-illustrated volume serves as a companion to Ramsay Phipps's seminal study on the campaigns of the French Revolution, drawing upon the vivid battle paintings of the 19th century. While the book relies primarily on artworks from the *Album Militaire: Victoires et Conquêtes des Armées Francaises*, it has been expanded to include additional battle scenes, thereby offering a more comprehensive overview. The images are complemented by new captions, color maps (many derived from Phipps but colored for this edition), and delightful sketches, largely by the artist JOB. All told, this work constitutes the most extensive visual record of that eraa time of widespread military conflict across Europe that ultimately paved the way for the rise of Napoleon and his marshals.

Glover, Gareth (Hrsg.): The Waterloo Archive. Volume 16: Netherlands Sources and Index 39,95 €

Sat, 18 Jul 2026 08:15:06 +0200

Thanks to the collaboration with Erwin Muilwijk, this volume contains a wealth of Dutch memoirs, as well as one treatise each from Brunswick and Hanover. Furthermore, it includes an extremely important index for the series, suggesting that this constitutes the final volume.

Glover, Gareth (Hrsg.): The Waterloo Archive. Volume 15: British Sources 39,95 €

Sat, 18 Jul 2026 08:15:06 +0200

The highlights of Volume 15 are: five collections of correspondence from enlisted men of cavalry regiments; the Order Book of the 16th Light Dragoons; four reports from non-commissioned officers of the 19th and 18th Hussars; three from the Guards regiments; 15 from line regiments; three from the Artillery and the Pioneer Corps; and two medical reports.

Glover, Gareth: Marching, Fighting, Dying 20,95 €

Fri, 01 May 2026 07:45:09 +0200

The author uses letters sent home by British soldiers from the Peninsular War, in which they candidly describe what it was like to serve in the army during the long campaign against the French. The vivid excerpts, placed in their historical context by the author's expert commentary, are largely drawn from the correspondence of lower ranks and delve fully into the everyday experiences of these men in their own words. Only excerpts from letters written during the campaigns are quotedmemoirs written much later for publication are omittedthus creating an authentic picture of army life on the Iberian front, as perceived by the soldiers at the time.

Fesser, Gerd: 1813. Die Schlacht bei Bautzen 19,90 €

Sat, 25 Jul 2026 08:10:06 +0200

In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia with approximately 600,000 men. Within a year, he lost around 450,000 soldiers and was forced to retreat to Paris. With 300,000 troops, some of them newly recruited, he returned to Germany in the spring of 1813. Russia and Prussia formed an alliance in March, which Sweden, Great Britain, and Austria joined by August. The Wars of Liberation against Napoleonic rule had begun. In May, the Battle of Bautzen took place, which Napoleon formally won, although his army had lost up to 25,000 men in two days. A temporary armistice benefited the allies, allowing them to reinforce their forces for the upcoming Battle of Leipzig. The account of the battle forms the core of the book. It is followed by letters from Gneisenau, a contemporary report on the battle, and an informative "Concise Lexicon of the Wars of Liberation." Gerd Fesser vividly and engagingly recounts the events of 1813.

Hornborg, Erik: The Kingdom Torn Apart 42,95 €

Thu, 16 Jul 2026 07:30:08 +0200

The Kingdom Torn Apart is a comprehensive study of the 1808-1809 war between Russia and Sweden-Finland. It is a translation of perhaps the best single-volume account of the conflict, written in the 1950s by Eirik Hornborg, one of Finlands leading and most prolific historical writers.

On 21 February 1808, two Russian divisions spearheaded an invasion of Finland. Despite poor defensive preparations and questionable leadership, together with the early loss of the fortress of Sveaborg and much of the archipelago fleet, there was some spirited resistance and the occasional victory against the invaders, but the whole of Finland was occupied by the end of November. Following a remarkable Russian invasion of the Swedish mainland across the frozen Gulf of Bothnia in March 1809 and a coup to overthrow the unpopular King Gustav IV Adolf, the war then continued until September, when a peace settlement ceded Finland to Russia.

No comprehensive study of the Finnish War of 1808-1809 has previously been available in English. The Kingdom Torn Apart, a translation of Hornborgs När riket sprängdes, aims to fill this gap. Hornborg drew first and foremost on the nine-volume Swedish General Staff History, supplemented by his meticulous research and critical analysis of source material. He aimed to create a readable and popular work whilst maintaining a strictly objective and scholarly approach.

Neagoe, Claudiu-Ion: The Military organization of Moldavia and Wallachia in the Phanariot era, 1709-1821 36,95 €

Wed, 24 Jun 2026 07:30:10 +0200

Volume 160 of the series From Reason to Revolution 1721-1815. In the summer of 1806, Charles-Frédéric Reinhard, French commissioner in the Romanian principalities, declared in a famous speech that Moldavia and Wallachia had no real armies only a handful of men who were listed in police registers, exempt from taxes and entrusted with guarding the borders, transporting dispatches and serving local officials. For generations, historians agreed with this assessment, arguing that the succession of Phanariot rulers in the 18th century had led to the effective abolition of the armed forces of the two principalities. This book challenges this long-held assumption. Based on a careful review of archival material, administrative records and contemporary reports, Claudiu-Ion Neagoe shows that the armies of Moldavia and Wallachia were not abolished during the Phanariot era. Rather, they were reorganised. In times of peace, they were reduced in size, often for financial reasons, but continued to function as instruments of border defence, internal order and tax collection. In times of crisis, their strength could be rapidly expanded, as the Ottoman authorities demanded the recruitment of local volunteers and Balkan mercenaries as auxiliary troops alongside the imperial forces. Against the complex political backdrop of Ottoman suzerainty, Russian expansion and pressure from the Habsburgs, this study examines how military institutions adapted to a changing geopolitical environment. It traces the development of command structures, recruitment systems, financial mechanisms and the social composition of the armed forces during more than a century of Phanariot rule. These armed forces were by no means marginal or ceremonial, but remained firmly embedded in the political and administrative fabric of the principalities. Neagoe places the military organisation of Moldavia and Wallachia in the broader context of European and Ottoman military developments in the 18th and early 19th centuries. He examines the balance between autonomy and dependence and shows how local rulers coped with the demands of their imperial overlords while maintaining functional armed forces that were appropriate to regional conditions. The book thus contributes not only to Romanian military history, but also to the more general study of military adaptation in small states under imperial rule. By debunking the myth of the disappearance of the military and replacing it with a nuanced account of institutional continuity and transformation, The Military Organisation of Moldavia & Wallachia in the Phanariot Era restores an important chapter in Eastern European military history. It shows how the structures of the organised armed forces persisted even under financial constraints and political subordination and how they laid important foundations for the later national armies of the 19th century. A rigorous and revisionist study, this work offers new insights into the military realities of the Romanian principalities during a period too often misunderstood as one of simple decline.

Cristini, Luca S.: Uniforms of the Hessian-Kassel Army 1813-1814 32,95 €

Sat, 23 May 2026 07:40:09 +0200

In presenting this volume, the author does not seek to recount battles and campaigns or provide a detailed insight into the structures, doctrines, etc. that shaped Hesse's military capabilities. Rather, he wishes to present a collection of 50 contemporary prints dedicated to the uniforms of this army with its great military tradition. While reviewing archive documents, he came across this collection entitled: Illustration of the Grand Ducal Hessian Military. A collection of the highest quality. Scratches and stains were then removed in order to show off the artistic and historical value of the Hessian uniforms between 1813 and 1814 to their best advantage.

White, Kenton: Fuentes de Onoro 39,95 €

Sat, 23 May 2026 07:40:09 +0200

Volume 155 of the series From Reason to Revolution 1721-1815 provides an analysis of the battle based on eyewitness accounts. Using the French retreat from Santarem as an example, it highlights the challenges in terms of supply and communication and examines how these factors influenced the outcome of the campaign. Logistics, strategy and adaptability characterised the 1811 campaign in Portugal and led to a variety of military challenges. Fuentes de Onoro takes an in-depth look at the dynamics of the 1811 campaign and shows how these elements determined success or failure on the battlefield. Fuentes de Onoro is essential reading for military history enthusiasts and scholars in the field of strategic studies. It offers a new perspective on the logistical foundations of warfare and combines historical analysis with enduring strategic principles relevant to modern military operations. The work appeals to anyone interested in the complexities of leadership, decision-making and resilience in war. Based on extensive research, Fuentes de Onoro draws on a wealth of previously unpublished archival material and sheds light on often overlooked aspects of the campaign. Vivid narratives illustrate the events from the perspective of those directly involved. The book is clear, concise and excitingly written, and does not overwhelm the reader with dense technical details, but offers an easy-to-understand and thought-provoking examination of the campaign. Whether you are a scholar, history buff or professional seeking strategic insights, the lessons conveyed in these pages are as relevant today as they were two centuries ago.

Roucaud, Michel/Drévillon, Hervé/Houdecek, Francois: Les Guerres Napoléoniennes dans l'Histoire 34,95 €

Fri, 24 Jul 2026 07:25:06 +0200

The history of the Napoleonic Wars is itself the subject of historical scholarship. Since the years following the fall of the Empire and Napoleon's death, the Napoleonic Wars have been recounted and theorised by contemporary witnesses and participants. For two centuries, they have been examined, taught, depicted and re-enacted in the rhythm of successive perceptions and appropriations by historians and military strategists, but also by writers, painters, filmmakers and lovers of historical re-enactments. Based on the latest research findings from France and abroad, this work, with 25 contributions, takes a historiographical look at the developments that have shaped this history. It also examines, in all its diversity, the current research dynamics that enable a new perspective on the Napoleonic Wars and thus contribute to a better understanding of the central role of the Napoleonic era in the changes in warfare practices and representations.

Guillemot, Pierre-Baptiste/Courcelle, Patrice (Illustr.): Wattignies 15-16 octobre 1793 19,95 €

Wed, 01 Jul 2026 07:40:11 +0200

Volume 34 of the series Les Batailles Oubliées. At the end of the summer of 1793, the French Republic is on the brink of collapse. Since the spring, it has suffered one defeat after another in a war against a powerful coalition of European states, and its territory has been overrun on all fronts. On 8 September 1793, Republican troops in Flanders succeeded in defeating their Anglo-Hanoverian opponents at Hondschoote, thereby breaking the siege of Dunkirk. However, this was not enough to thwart the plans of the Prince of Coburg, who at the end of the month began the siege of one of the last strongholds on the northern border with Austrian troops: Maubeuge. Despite its 20,000-strong garrison, the fortress could not hold out for long. At the urging of the envoy Lazare Carnot, General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan hastily assembled a relief army. The fighting took place on 15 and 16 October: 45,000 French soldiers attacked 21,000 Austrians who had entrenched themselves south of Maubeuge, mainly around the villages of Dourlers and Wattignies. In this volume of the Batailles Oubliées series, the author uses the archives of both warring parties to reveal the twists and turns of this battle, which secured the liberation of Maubeuge and gave the Republic a welcome respite.

Glover, Gareth: A Family's tragic Battle with Napleon 31,95 €

Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:35:16 +0200

Captain John Grant Fraser of the Royal Artillery had inherited the titles of Ballindoun and Kinneries following the unexpected death of his elder brother James Fraser on 1 May 1791. John Grant died in 1798 and the title passed to his eldest son Baillie Fraser, whose uncle Hugh acted as guardian until he came of age. James Baillie Fraser joined the army and rose to the rank of lieutenant in the 7th Fusilier Regiment, where he served in the Spanish War of Independence. His younger brother Alexander John Fraser also joined the army and served on the peninsula, where he became a lieutenant in the 52nd Foot Regiment. Both wrote regular letters to their sister Ann, recounting fascinating details of their lives at war. Tragically, however, James was killed in action at the Battle of Sorauren on 28 July 1813, and his brother Alexander was seriously wounded and died in Bera on 20 October of the same year. Within six months, the war had ripped the heart out of the family. The estates passed to Ann, who died tragically on 16 December 1816, whereupon the entire estate passed to her uncle Hugh. He sold the estates, and the family ties to Ballindoun and Kinneries were severed forever effectively by the Napoleonic Wars. In addition to the letters from Ann's two tragically deceased brothers, her collection also includes numerous documents from her maternal uncles, who were also heavily involved in the wars. George Wilkes Unett, Royal Artillery, served in the West Indies, Martinique, Copenhagen and Waterloo, while his other brother, Richard Wilkes Unett, served in the West Indies. Their letters clearly show that this was indeed a world war and how families were drawn into this insatiable meat grinder. Finally, we have the fascinating diary of her brother John Wilkes Unett, who was a lawyer by profession but travelled to Paris shortly after the Allied conquest in 1815 to visit his brother and experience the city. These letters and diaries offer a fascinating insight into the life of an ordinary family in extraordinary times and show how two sudden tragedies destroyed this family.

Bremm, Klaus-Jürger: Die Schlacht. Waterloo 1815 16,00 €

Wed, 15 Jul 2026 07:25:04 +0200

Napoleon fought his last battle at Waterloo, which remains to this day the most famous battle in world history. On 18 June 1815, about 15 kilometres south of Brussels, 180,000 German, Dutch, English and French soldiers faced each other. Waterloo has become synonymous with Napoleon's resounding and final defeat. Military historian Klaus-Jürgen Bremm describes the dramatic events leading up to this campaign and its stages. He analyses the battle in detail, portrays the protagonists and armies, and examines the soldiers' weaponry. He also describes the aftermath and reception of the battle, as well as the possibilities and limitations of reconstructing past military events. The result is an impressive portrait of the battle in all its facets.

Gill, John H.: Broken Eagles. Napoleon and His German Allies in the 1813 Campaign. Volume 2: Wurttemberg, Hesse-Carmstadt, Westphalia, and the Smaller States 44,95 €

Sat, 23 May 2026 07:40:09 +0200

Traditional accounts of the campaigns of 1813 focus on the major powers: Napoleon's France against Russia, joined successively by Prussia, Sweden and Austria, and on how early successes, such as the French catastrophe of 1812, turned into a devastating defeat. However, the smaller German states also played an important role in Napoleon's alliance system, the Confederation of the Rhine. Despite their significance, there are few books, especially in English, that deal with the formation, development and demise of the Confederation of the Rhine. This work attempts to rectify this. Based on years of research in archives in Germany and France, as well as visits to battlefields, this study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the Confederation's campaigns in 1813, which culminated in Napoleon's defeat and the collapse of his German alliance. The first volume is divided into two parts and begins with an overview of the Confederation of the Rhine as an institution, a summary of its brief history, and an overview of the campaigns, battles, and sieges of 1813. This is followed by a detailed examination of the activities of the armies of Saxony and Bavaria during this decisive year. The second volume continues the analysis with the armed forces of Württemberg, Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt, Westphalia and the numerous smaller states that made up the Confederation of the Rhine. Supplemented by more than 100 maps, tables and battle orders, this work is an indispensable reference work for all Napoleon researchers and anyone interested in the historical development of Germany.

Gill, John H.: Broken Eagles. Napoleon and His German Allies in the 1813 Campaign. Band 1: Campaigns Overview, Bavaria, Saxon 44,95 €

Sat, 23 May 2026 07:40:09 +0200

Klöffler, Martin: Lieber ins Meer versinken, als Holland verlieren 99,00 €

Tue, 14 Jul 2026 07:25:05 +0200

Prussian, Russian, Swedish and British sieges on the Lower Rhine, the Netherlands, Belgium and northern France from November 1813 to May 1814.

The book presented here is the first to deal with an almost forgotten aspect of the War of Liberation from 1813-1814 in a coherent form: the battle for the fortresses on the left bank of the Lower Rhine, in the Netherlands, Belgium and northern France, before the decision was made in Paris at the end of March 1814. Unlike the major land battles of the autumn campaign of 1813, the sieges decided the liberation of the Netherlands and Belgium. In a way, the campaign was the initial spark for the foundation of the modern Netherlands under the rule of the House of Orange.

This book is therefore the sequel to the book "The Forgotten War of Liberation - Besieged Fortresses between Memel and the Rhine in the Years 1813-1814" by the authors Hemmann and Klöffler.

The introduction begins by briefly outlining the basics of fortress warfare in the Napoleonic era and the situation at the end of 1813. The operations of the Allied armies against the French fortresses chronologically depict the campaign of the individual armies, making it easier to understand the context. Each army and its leaders are briefly described and evaluated. The campaign of Bülow and Wintzingerode also includes the sieges in northern France.

The fortresses and forts covered include: Antwerp, Arnhem, Bergen-op-Zoom, Bourtange, Breda, Breskens, Coevorden, Delfzijl, Deventer, Doesburg, Geertruidenberg, Gorinchem, Grave, Herzogenbosch, Jülich, La Fère, Loevestein, Maastricht, Maubeuge, Naarden, Sas van Gent, Venlo, Willemstad and several smaller fortifications. On the Allied side, the Bülow, Wintzigerode and Weimar corps, the Geismar, Benckendorf and Colomb patrol corps, the Swedish army and the British Expeditionary Corps took part, opposed on the French side by the Maison I Army Corps.

The concluding observations put some myths into perspective, such as the complete self-liberation from the French yoke and the role played by the Dutch "national character" in the campaign. Further considerations relate to the influence of the weather, the role of inundations, the character of the French fortress commanders and the role of Paris as a fortress, etc. The work concludes with the consequences of the campaign for the new Kingdom of the Netherlands and the fortification of the French northern border.

Many plans, maps, illustrations and extensive sources give a vivid picture of the siege war.

Table of contents

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Introduction

Fortifications, siege and capitulation

Campaigns and sieges

Bülow's and Wintzingerode's campaigns in the Netherlands and northern France
The storming of Doesburg
The storming of Zutphen
The storming of Arnhem
The storming and defence of Fort St. André
The blockade of Deventer
The French attempt on Breda
The attempt on and storming of Herzogenbusch
The siege of Gorinchem
The three attacks on Soissons from February to March 1814
The formal attack on Soissons at the end of March 1814
The capture of La Fère
The two attempts on Compiègne

Prince William of Orange's sieges in the Netherlands
The blockade of Grave
The observation of Coevorden
The blockade of Delfzijl
The blockade of Den Helder
The capture of Fort Central on Texel
The blockade and bombardment of Naarden

Charles John's campaign on the middle Meuse and Rur
The blockade of Jülich
The blockade of Maastricht
The observation of Venlo

Graham's campaign on the Scheldt
The bombardment and observation of Antwerp
The defeated storming of Bergen-op-Zoom
The coastal defences on the Meuse and Lek estuaries
The coastal defences on the Westerschelde

Carl August's campaign in Flanders
The bombardment and blockade of Maubeuge
The attempt on Tournai

Geismar's foray into northern France

Observations
Appendices